The Objective Of This Convention

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"...You may be surprised to learn that it has little to
do with food shortages. Global supplies of food far
outstrip demand. Chronic hunger affects more than
800 million people in the world and it is, in and of
itself, a potentially deadly condition.
Far more people die from causes related to chronic
hunger than to famine. Chronically hungry people
are exceptionally vulnerable when famine strikes.
They have fewer resources to protect themselves
and their families and are already living on the
margin of survival.
There are five things that do contribute to most of
the world's hunger:1
Poverty. Poor people do not have the resources --
whether land, tools or money--needed to grow or
buy food on a consistent basis.
Armed Conflict. War disrupts agricultural
production, and governments often spend more on
arms than on social programs.
Environmental Overload. Over-consumption by
wealthy nations and rapid population growth in
poor nations strain natural resources and make it
harder for poor people to feed themselves.
Discrimination. Lack of access to education, credit
and employment -- a recipe for hunger -- is often
the result of racial, gender or ethnic discrimination.
Lack of Clout. In the final analysis, hunger is
caused by powerlessness. People who don't have
power to protect their own interests are hungry.
The burden of this condition falls most acutely on
children, women and elderly people..."

Desert
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Desert view in Saudi Arabia. The vast majority of the kingdom
is sand desert, with distinct features and characteristics that
clearly differ between one area and another.In geography, a
desert is a landscape form or region that receives little
precipitation. Generally deserts are defined as areas that
receive an average annual precipitation of less than 250 mm
(10 inches). The terminology used to define deserts is
complex. 'True deserts' where vegetation cover is
exceedingly sparse, correspond to the 'hyperarid regions of
the earth, where rainfall is exceedingly rare and infrequent.
Deserts are however part of a wider classification of regions
that, on an average annual basis, have a moisture deficit (i.e
they can potentially loose more than is received). These
areas are collectively called 'drylands' and extent over almost
half of the earth's land surface. Because desert is a vague
term, the use of 'dryland', and its subdivisions of hyper arid,
arid, semiarid and dry-subhumid, is to be preferred, and is
approved by the United Nations. Deserts have a reputation
for supporting very little life, but in many deserts this is far
from the truth. Deserts often have high biodiversity, including
animals that remain hidden during daylight hours to control
body temperature or to limit moisture needs. About one-fifth
of Earth's land surface is desert.

Desert landscapes have certain features. Deserts are often
composed of sand and rocky surfaces. Sand dunes called
ergs and stony surfaces called Reg or hamada surfaces
compose a minority of desert surfaces. Exposures of rocky
terrain are typical, and reflect minimal soil development and
sparseness of vegetation. Bottom lands may be salt-covered
flats. Eolian (wind-driven) processes are major factors in
shaping desert landscapes. Cold deserts have similar
features but the main form of precipation is snow rather than
rain. The largest cold desert is Antarctica (composed of
about 98 percent thick continental ice sheet and 2 percent
barren rock). The largest hot desert is the Sahara.

Deserts sometimes contain valuable mineral deposits that
were formed in the arid environment or that were exposed by
erosion. Because deserts are dry, they are ideal places for
human artifacts and fossils to be preserved.

Deserts usually have an extreme temperature range. Most
deserts have a low temperature at night. This is because the
air is very dry (contains little moisture) and therefore holds
little heat so as soon as the sun sets, the desert cools quickly.
Also, cloudless skies increase the release of heat at night.

In the Köppen climate classification system, deserts are
classed as (BW).

Principles

In order to achieve the objective of this Convention and to
implement its provisions, the Parties shall be guided, inter
alia, by the following:

(a) the Parties should ensure that decisions on the design
and implementation of programmes to combat desertification
and/or mitigate the effects of drought are taken with the
participation of populations and local communities and that
an enabling environment is created at higher levels to
facilitate action at national and local levels;

(b) the Parties should, in a spirit of international solidarity and
partnership, improve cooperation and coordination at
subregional, regional and international levels, and better
focus financial, human, organizational and technical
resources where they are needed;

(c) the Parties should develop, in a spirit of partnership,
cooperation among all levels of government, communities,
non-governmental organizations and landholders to establish
a better understanding of the nature and value of land and
scarce water resources in affected areas and to work
towards their sustainable use; and

(d) the Parties should take into full consideration the special
needs and circumstances of affected developing country
Parties, particularly the least developed among them.

Objective

1. The objective of this Convention is to combat desertification
and mitigate the effects of drought in countries experiencing
serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa,
through effective action at all levels, supported by international
cooperation and partnership arrangements, in the framework
of an integrated approach which is consistent with Agenda 21,
with a view to contributing to the achievement of sustainable
development in affected areas.

2. Achieving this objective will involve long-term integrated
strategies that focus simultaneously, in affected areas, on
improved productivity of land, and the rehabilitation,
conservation and sustainable management of land and water
resources, leading to improved living conditions, in particular
at the community level.