General Obligations

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What Are Our General Obligations.

"...The Geography of Hunger
The number of undernourished people in developing
countries fell from 942 million in 1970 to 786 million in 1990
and from 36 percent to 20 percent of the population (Figure
1). The poorest and most food-insecure people are
disproportionately in Africa. The largest number of
chronically undernourished people live in the Asia-Pacific
region, although the number dropped from 762 million in
1970 to 540 million in 1990 (from 40 to 20 percent of the
population). However, hunger remains especially severe in
South Asia (Figure 2). In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of
hungry people rose from 94 million in 1970 to 175 million in
1990. Growing poverty, debt, economic decline, poor terms
of trade, rapid population growth, unfavorable weather, war,
and governmental collapse have all contributed to the
continent's food problems. In the United States, the share of
the population facing hunger rose from 8 percent in 1985 to
12 percent in 1990 (from 20 to 30 million). But hunger in
wealthy nations is neither as severe nor as widespread as in
developing countries.

Causes of Hunger
Hunger is one piece of a complex of interrelated social ills.
It is linked intricately to global economic, political, and
social power structures; modes of development and
consumption; population dynamics; and social biases based
on race, ethnicity, gender, and age.

(1) Poverty and powerlessness. One of the main causes of
hunger is poverty--lack of purchasing power and access to
resources. Worldwide, 1.3 billion people live on less than
US$1 per day. Nearly one-third of the people in developing
countries are poor; the figure rises to 70 to 80 percent of the
population in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Poverty is linked not only with poor national economic
performance but also with an unequal distribution of income
and a political structure that renders poor people powerless,
whether in a democracy or a dictatorship.
Mustering the political will to make policies that fight hunger
and favor a more equitable distribution of income a top
government priority requires a strong public constituency.
Popular movements and government..."

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Obligations of affected country
Parties

In addition to their obligations pursuant to article 4, affected country
Parties undertake to:

(a) give due priority to combating desertification and mitigating the
effects of drought, and allocate adequate resources in accordance with
their circumstances and capabilities;

(b) establish strategies and priorities, within the framework of
sustainable development plans and/or policies, to combat
desertification and mitigate the effects of drought;

(c) address the underlying causes of desertification and pay special
attention to the socio- economic factors contributing to desertification
processes;

(d) promote awareness and facilitate the participation of local
populations, particularly women and youth, with the support of
non-governmental organizations, in efforts to combat desertification
and mitigate the effects of drought; and

(e) provide an enabling environment by strengthening, as appropriate,
relevant existing legislation and, where they do not exist, enacting new
laws and establishing long-term policies and action programmes.

General obligations

1. The Parties shall implement their obligations under this Convention,
individually or jointly, either through existing or prospective bilateral and
multilateral arrangements or a combination thereof, as appropriate,
emphasizing the need to coordinate efforts and develop a coherent
long-term strategy at all levels.

2. In pursuing the objective of this Convention, the Parties shall:

(a) adopt an integrated approach addressing the physical, biological and
socio-economic aspects of the processes of desertification and drought;

(b) give due attention, within the relevant international and regional
bodies, to the situation of affected developing country Parties with
regard to international trade, marketing arrangements and debt with a
view to establishing an enabling international economic environment
conducive to the promotion of sustainable development;

(c) integrate strategies for poverty eradication into efforts to combat
desertification and mitigate the effects of drought;

(d) promote cooperation among affected country Parties in the fields of
environmental protection and the conservation of land and water
resources, as they relate to desertification and drought;

(e) strengthen subregional, regional and international cooperation;

(f) cooperate within relevant intergovernmental organizations;

(g) determine institutional mechanisms, if appropriate, keeping in mind
the need to avoid duplication; and

(h) promote the use of existing bilateral and multilateral financial
mechanisms and arrangements that mobilize and channel substantial
financial resources to affected developing country Parties in combating
desertification and mitigating the effects of drought.

3. Affected developing country Parties are eligible for assistance in the
implementation of the Convention.