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The Effects of Chronic Hunger
Chronic hunger -- or food insecurity -- is as devastating to
families, communities, and countries as is famine. Chronic
hunger claims more victims than famine each year -- by far.
Effects of chronic hunger include:
High Infant-Mortality Rates. Malnourished women are more
likely to be sick, have smaller babies, and die earlier, resulting in
high levels of infant mortality in areas where chronic hunger is a
problem. And where infant and child mortality is high, birth rates
are also high, locking these communities in a vicious cycle of
malnutrition and death.
Vulnerability to Common Illnesses. More than two million
children die every year from dehydration caused by diarrhea. A
malnourished child often lacks the strength to survive a severe
case of diarrhea.
Increased Risk of Infection. A malnourished child has a
weakened immune system, making the child more vulnerable to
infection. Infections cause lack of appetite and further
compromise the child's ability to fight off recurrent and lingering
infections.
Acute Vulnerability in Times of Disaster. A community’s poorest
families are already living on the edge of survival. Unexpected
shocks, such as crop failure, floods, epidemics, locusts or
typhoons result in devastation and almost certain death to some
members of the family.
Impediments to Development. Chronic hunger deprives children
of the essential proteins, micronutrients and fatty acids they
need to grow adequately. Globally, it is estimated that nearly
226 million children are stunted -- shorter than they should be.
In addition, stunted children score significantly lower on
intelligence tests than do normal children.
Impediments to Economic Growth. For the nearly 67 million
children who weigh less than they should due to chronic hunger,
completing school is an unlikely reality. Studies have shown that
underweight children will probably spend fewer years in school,
which, in turn, has a measurable impact on how much they earn
in adulthood.
Self-Help Solutions to a Worldwide Problem
Unlike famine or periodic hunger due to war or natural disasters,
chronic hunger is a persistent and insidious condition that can
affect generations of people in a geographic region. Those
living with chronic hunger face a host of problems that go
beyond lack of food or money.
To alleviate this condition, efforts must address root causes, be
sustainable (that is, programs must pay for themselves), and
they must be implemented by local people for the long term.
Freedom from Hunger's Credit with Education program is just
such a strategy. We are transferring the program technology we
have developed to local people around the world, and they are
using it to help their own families and communities.
Not Just Food … Food Security
"Chronic hunger" or "food insecurity" mean that a family isn't
meeting its most basic nutritional need for some or all of the
year. Our goal is to help families achieve "freedom from hunger"
or "food security" by ensuring that they have the ability to grow
or buy enough food to maintain a healthy and productive life.
Chronically hungry families, like those Freedom from Hunger
serves, may have access to food during part of the year, but
they are still considered “food-insecure” because they
experience a “hungry season.” Food security is a complex
problem that must be tackled on several different levels (family,
community, country and internationally). Freedom from Hunger
focuses on the grassroots of the problem, creating self-help
solutions that families can use to address the three key
elements of food security:*
• Availability: Ensuring consistent and adequate access to
food for each member of the family.
• Access: Building resources (such as improving income
and savings) to obtain food for the family even during hungry
seasons.
• Utilization: Promoting knowledge of nutrition and access to
basic health care so bodies can absorb food properly.
Fast Facts about Food Insecurity
• Did you know that the most common -- and most commonly
deadly -- form of hunger is chronic hunger and malnutrition?
More than 800 million people are food-insecure.
• According to the World Health Organization, nearly one in
three people who are chronically hungry will die prematurely or
have disabilities. Chronically hungry people are less likely to
achieve their potential as wage-earners because of sickness or
other deficiencies trapping them in poverty.
• More than 16,000 children die every day from hunger-
related causes. Most of these children are mildly or moderately
undernourished, their bodies unable to fight common illnesses
that we could easily overcome.
| Chronic Hunger. |
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